The trance with the television continued for what seemed like hours. I found myself sliding into the role even when it wasn't necessary. Good story as it goes, but could really have benefited from some analysis of the school as an ideological context in which this kind of behaviour is particularly prone to manifest, what with public education already being a system that favours obedience, conformity, and subservience. The tension and anticipation was beyond belief. This conclusion falls flat on the hard ground, as many critics have concluded, including Arendt herself. Then in dramatic style I informed the class of a special noon rally to take place on Friday. This last lesson is perhaps the one of greatest importance. Students seemed intent on the assignment and displayed Accurate recitation of facts and concepts. While debating whether to stop or go on with the experiment I talked on and on about community. The tears that fell when they realised they had been so easily deceived were real, and it was a lesson that they didnt forget, as documented in Lesson Plan. On Wednesday, I decided to issue membership cards to every student that wanted to continue what I now called the experiment. I particularly remember Robert. As Jones (1979, pp. He created an authoritative dictatorship in his classroom. Mr. Jones used his own students to test out his theory, that the desire for order and discipline was the key to manipulating a body of people to act a certain way. Pulled the locks shut. As the class period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute. He walked always on my right. Some of their faces were relaxed with smiles that come from pleasing the teacher. There was much more to see and try to understand. The belief that human beings are basically evil and therefore unable to act well toward each other. We get or take an ascribed role and then bend our life to fit the image. I was following the group dictate as much as I was directing it. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. They were something special. These and other controversial experiments led . We knew that it was interesting learning about different political systems, but not something we would ever emulate. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. To allow students the experience of direct action I gave each individual a specific verbal assignment. Third Wave Experiment. It's not going to happen. It was a full page color advertisement in the current issue of Time for some lumber products. A hushed silence shrouded the room. Below this I wrote a second law, "STRENGTH THROUGH COMMUNITY.". First I would have two students stand and call back our motto. It concerned a bewilderment at the German populace claiming ignorance and non-involvement in the Nazi movement. The room stayed deadly still. A group photograph was taken. So, he decided to demonstrate this . Even stranger was the gradual improvement in the quality of answers. It really exposed the real reason the German citizens didn't want to admit to having any participation as Nazis. it was a good question. We did noise drills in which talking was allowed only to be shown as a detraction. 2010 Third Wave Documentary Film "Lesson Plan". A new purpose. I was increasingly worried about how our activity was affecting the faculty and other students in the school. It was 12:05. Oh, you think to yourself that you were just going along for the fun. The Third Wave Experiment took place over five school days. Every word seemed to be taken and absorbed. ", "It's all set for tomorrow. Of believing so thoroughly in yourself and your community or family that you will do anything to preserve, protect and extend that being. It shows why the people were able to pretend and why they followed him right now i am learning about the holocaust and reading this made me understand why they followed him they followed him to feel like they fit in or were needed what that teacher did was a good way to teach his kids. The experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California, during the first week of April 1967. What does he do now (or after he was fired)? The visual stench of death camps. Evil is not banal, and it cannot be found everywhere, but it is made banal by those who refuse to admit that they have been the perpetrators and performers of evil. Third Wave banners hung like clouds over the assembly. Burned ideas. In the case of war criminals such as Adolf Eichmann, he constructed no banal excuses for his actions, and acted according to his own ideals and his own plans, according to those already set up by the Nazi regime. Whereas others jumped in, they held back, watching. However, you wrote, "Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute" What else was inaccurate in Ron's account? Jones emphasized this main point of the movement . This unethical experiment is one of many reasons review boards were created and have made drastic changes in policy over experiments done on humans. Students were cutting class to participate and the school counselors were beginning to question every student in the class. The rabbi became a part of the experiment In remaining ignorant of the oppression in the experiment he became an accomplice and advocate. Every person focusing on the T.V. Within days, they had a motto, flag, salute, and began to view themselves as an exclusive, elite group. The intensity of the response became more important than the content. You will keep this day and this rally a secret. Joness students regretted their having followed a tyrannical regime, even though it was fake, and the subjects of Milgrams experiment followed orders because they perceived the experimenter as having some kind of legitimate authority. Controversial and unorthodox as the Third Wave Experiment might be, there is a lot we can take from social experiments such as these, especially amidst the disaster and upheaval we have witnessed so far in 2020. Thanks to ethical codes and institutional review boards, most of these experiments could never be performed today. Shoved by your own desires into the place you now find yourself. In this room. Steve will continue to grow and change. So we become the image. [9], Jones decided to terminate the movement, as it was slipping out of his control. He was a retired air force colonel who had spent time in a German prisoner of war camp. Was all my belief in Carl Rogers to shrivel and die? Very interesting experiment. As for my part in this exercise, I had nothing but questions. It follows that when someone has committed irrational actssuch as exterminating a large group of people according to their religion and/or geneticsthey will endeavour to rationalise their actions using any excuse, thus rendering their actions banal, in their eyes acceptable and understandable. In 1967, teacher Ron Jones conducted a social experiment with unexpected results. The photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored. How could the German populace claim ignorance of the slaughter of the Jewish people. "It's your task to design a Third Wave Banner. Jones named the movement "The Third Wave" as a symbol of strength, referring to the mythical belief that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. Leler, Robin and Sakuma, Bernice. Given that assurance and smile I couldn't say no. Across the country teachers like myself have been recruiting and training a youth brigade capable of showing the nation a better society through discipline, community. Was the desire for discipline and uniformity a natural need? The dedicated patience of a scientist in pursuit of an Idea. The exchange of physical hardships for superior mental and physical facilities. Situations in which students were pitted against each other In everything from gym to reading. The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could have accepted the actions of the Nazi regime during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.[1][2][3][4][5]. Finally questions began to emerge. ''Is this part of the campaign, Mr. How could the townspeople, railroad conductors, teachers, doctors, claim they knew nothing about concentration camps and human carnage. Must be a former student. Set in 1967 in Palo Alto, California, during the Vietnam war, racial integration and social revolution, the play centers around a young, popular teacher, Ron Jones, and his world history class. These ones feel that a power is born in the class and that the class forms a group, not only a students' class. This lesson was the question that started our plunge in studying Nazi life. But the rally itself. Now that I look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability. The deed was concluded. "We can do it!" Some would say he abused this confidence that the students had in him to play the tyrant, but, ultimately, he was still respected by the students and his colleagues even after the movement was exposed as a lie. I graduated in 1967 and lost contact with Ron, But my mother worked at the school and kept me up to date as to what was going on with him. The ultimate triumph. I was only doing my job. I then said the words "Strength Through Discipline" followed by a repetitive chorus. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. Within this avalanche of reporting one legitimate conspiracy did seem underway . Three women in the class had told their parents all about our classroom activities. Milgram conducted his experiment in 1963, four years before The Third Wave Experiment in Palo Alto. Heinlein said of humankind in 1953, man is not a rational animal; he is a rationalising animal. The intellectual skills of questioning and reasoning were non existent. Asch found that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group. The high school was and still is one of the best in the state, well known for its progressive philosophy and intelligent students. Jones told his students of the true nature of the movement as an experiment in fascism, and presented to them a short film discussing the actions of Nazi Germany.[9]. As abruptly as it started the film froze to a halt on a single written frame. . Since we had a salute I made it a rule to salute all class members outside the classroom. 1981 Todd Strasser (Morton Rhue) Novelization "The Wave". Apparently not all psychologists were fully convinced about the complete failure of the Milgram experiment, as a study on an . It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. Many questions haunted me. Hand raised upward in a shape of a curling wave. It was 12:07. Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute, but it stayed in our class and was not carried out into the school. This exercise in fascism took place in Palo Alto, California. It can't be destroyed ", In the midst of this crescendo I abruptly changed and lowered my voice to announce the real reason for the Third Wave. We did this again, and again. The students began to look at each other and sense the power of belonging. I will remain an ageless benchmark in his life. That's what I did. The mystique of thirty individuals doing this strange gyration soon brought more attention to the class and its experiment into the German personality. Upon receiving this card the new member had to demonstrate knowledge of our rules and pledge obedience to them. Retrieved from https . Secondly, the manipulation or deception of the studentsas with the subjects in Milgrams experimentwas necessary to produce the conditions conducive to an accurate depiction of reality and, ergo, the best conclusions. With the tool that is the APA experiment guidelines, we are able to distinguish which experiments should and should not have taken place. [9] Subsequent articles by other authors followed, some featuring interviews with Jones and the students involved. [9] The students proceeded to conduct trials for those thought to be not loyal enough to the movement, with punishment consisting of banishment to the school library. It was a silent signal of recognition. I agree with you that Ron's pedagogical experiment was disastrous and that he did not make enough pedagogical preparation for his simulation of the Nazi totalitarianism with his students. Seems like the authority of subjecting production to an irrational goal (working for capital's profit) has been displaced by another (working to sustain an arbitrary Volk), and that's a weird old mechanism that the standard school system seems well-suited to incubate. When you're playing against all the odds the best action to take is to try the unexpected. The students chanted their slogan in anticipation. I felt sick to my stomach. How could the German soldier, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse. But no. He ordered students to attend a noon rally on Friday to witness the announcement. It caused a lot of problems at the school because students were not prepared properly to understand what was being taught. The Third Wave. This is the wrong interpretation and the wrong conclusion to make. I explained how at noon on Friday a national candidate for president would announce the formation of a Third Wave Youth Program. To avoid the Hawthorne effect, Milgram told the volunteers that the subject was, in fact, the learner behind the screen, and not themselves. Only a small minority of students saw through the faade, they were named the breakers who tore down Third Wave posters and replaced them with counter slogans. Thanks, Eugene Take this story with a considerable grain of salt. In the still darkened room I began the explanation. He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. I can tell you and anyone else about the Third Wave. The entire collection however looked like one force as they sat in perfect attention. I explained why I acted and then assigned four guards to escort the women to the library and to restrain them from entering the class an Friday. The room remained in fixed silence but for the first time I could sense people breathing. TIL about the Third Wave experiment. No one laughed. A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. It was as if the climax of shouting souls had pushed everything out of' the room. In A Nutshell. Without command the entire group of students returned the salute. [a] Jones, finding himself unable to explain to his students how the German people could have claimed ignorance of The Holocaust, decided to demonstrate it to them instead. Milgram's original "shock box" displayed at the Ontario Science Centre. Jones." I worried for students doing things they would regret. Embellished or not, this information is in-valuable and clearly possible. The Third Wave (experiment) The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could accept the actions of the Nazi regime during the Second World War. Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. A strange calm is in effect when a room full of people sit in quite observation and anticipation. That you were better than those outside this room. Upon their arrival, the students were presented with a blank channel. 2008 German Movie "Die Welle". "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." The air in the room seemed to be drying up. The first congress of the Red Trade Union International at Moscow, 1921. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. If I remember the question. Several social experiments, such as The Third Wave Experiment, have taken place as an attempt to better understand the nature of tyranny and the conditions under which it comes to fruition. In the beginning, the students treated the new regime as a game but became more serious once their teacher told them their marks were at stake. By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. The events were adapted into a non-musical play stage in 2011 by Joseph Robinette and Ron Jones. He was a sensitive and bright student. "Mr. Jones do you remember the Third Wave?" Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. [1] The idea that democracy emphasises individuality was considered a drawback, and Jones emphasised this main point of the movement in its motto: "Strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action, strength through pride. He told me about his friends that had been killed in Germany. It would be too painful and demeaning for Robert and the students like him to be twisted back into a seat and told it's just a game. Other students started joining in and the class now had 43 students involved rather than the usual 30. I'm afraid something will happen to you. New people were speaking. Who is this young man hugging me? The group seemed to be composed of students from many persuasions. I switched the television set on. Row after row began to fill. Be ready to display the discipline, community, and pride you have learned. The Third Wave experiment brought to light our creepy reverence for authority, shedding harrowing Milgram-esque insight into how easily we assuage moral conflict and diffuse responsibility when we . With everyone sitting at attention I slowly raised my arm and with a cupped hand I saluted. What was he lying about, in your view? For other uses, see, Last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27, reliable, independent, third-party sources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Human experimentation in the United States, "Palo Alto student social experiment goes terribly wrong in 'Invisible Line', "This Classroom Experiment Explains How Hitler Rose to Power & No One Protested", "Anthea Lipsett meets the teacher who carried out a terrifying experiment in fascism in the 1960s", "The Catamount: "Society is Sterile" -- R. Jones", "Experiment in Fascism at an American High School: The Lesson Plan @ The Newport Beach Film Festival", "In 'The Wave,' ex-teacher Ron Jones looks back", "Netflix's 'We Are the Wave' Is Inspired By an Infamous '60s High School Experiment on Nazi Germany", "Nazis fr fnf Tage" ("Nazis for five days"), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Third_Wave_(experiment)&oldid=1139531317. Jones." Not a single student elected to leave the room. Edit: here is a video and post of Sherry Tousley describing the assembly in the gym on the last day among other things. I made up stories from my experiences as an athlete, coach and historian. There have been a number of famous psychology experiments that are considered controversial, inhumane, unethical, and even downright cruelhere are five examples. We can bring it a new sense of order. Students were expected to sit at attention before the second bell, had to stand up to ask or answer questions and had to do so in three words or fewer, and were required to preface each remark with "Mr. Jones". We worked on this simple act for the entire class period. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. The third wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones. set I had in the front of the room. [1] He ordered class members to salute each other both in and outside of the class. They were doing something together. Others cried openly and then brushed away tears to carry on. My God He's a member of the Third Wave. In her book, Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963), Hannah Arendt wrote about the apparent normal psychological behaviour Adolf Eichmann demonstrated during his trial. He ended his pedagogical experiment abruptly with humiliation of his students via his lecturing. No one moved. The maneuver took five seconds. By the end of the day over two hundred students were admitted into the order. (2019, Dec 05). The students, of course, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep sense. In 1967, a high school history class in California became the lab rats of an experiment to study the rise of Nazism. The secret must finally be waning. How a ballet dancer or painter works hard to perfect a movement. To accepting the Third Wave as a way of life. They waited. Why hadn't I thought of this technique before. The wave has good effects on the students. Manipulated. The question here is not why but how the German people came to support the Nazi regime. Any% nazi speedrun. Ron is making a living out of lying about what happened at Cubberley. I read every word of information as a student of life and learning the root of human need for belonging. 10. In the confusion of the moment I moved slowly toward the television. If I suddenly jolted them back to classroom reality I would face a confused student- body for the remainder of the year. We learned what it felt like to create a disciplined social environment. I couldn't let the Roberts lose again. For example, the theory that appeared after the Milgram experiment was that ordinary, good people, professionals and students alike would obey authority to the point that it could kill someone (up to 450V of electrical currentfar beyond that which can be sustained by a human being). No one moved. The feeling being correct was more desired than being free. Does This Put The Transgender Debate to Rest? first to the despondent student and then back to the television. "Mr. Jones, for the first time I'm learning lots of things." The television won. The procedures were simple. Strength Through Community! Students were withdrawing their arms from behind their chairs. I am having a hard time believing this. Strength through understanding Over two hundred students were crammed into the room. Well, the Third Wave gave Robert a place in school. And as predicted we also shared a deep secret. "There is no leader! ", "You thought that you were the elect. A slogan had been created throughout the first three days by Jones and his class, and banners were posted all over the school, reading strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action. Simply upload, import the demo data, and swap out the text and images as you wish! Here I was enacting an authoritarian learning environment and it seemed very productive. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. The Aversion Project (1970s and 80s). The roar of the Nuremberg Rally blasted into vision. One-third of participants refused to do it, while another two-thirds complied, with a great deal of trauma done to them-and the rats. They had indeed fallen for the trap. He then led them in shouting chants of "Strength through Discipline! The students had become more and more involved in the project. Each Student had a job and they weren't to . He decided to create a fictional social movement as a demonstration of the appeal of fascism. You're more alert. the average citizen, claim at the end of the Third Reich that they knew nothing of what was going on. Despite their protests against the idea that they would themselves be fooled by tyranny in the same way that Hitler Youth and the German people were, the students nevertheless fell for the experiment, and the authority of their tutor led them to fully believe in The Third Wave movementdespite the fact that it was completely made up. Returning once again to the analyses made by Haslam, we can formulise different conclusions to the Third Wave Experiment which itself relates closely to other experiments and studies being made in the post-war years. 509-10) told his students in the . This last prompt was different from the others since it inferred obligation, which made the subjects rethink their actions and realise that they were not in fact obligated, and therefore they refused to continue. It was too late to step back. I found one inaccuracy in his account based on what you wrote. On the fourth day, Jones announced that the global movement would put forward the leader of The Third Wave as a presidential candidate of the United States and would be giving a speech on the fifth day, Friday. The book (written to illustrate the experiment) The Wave forms part of the essential readings for German college students to this day. This article is about the social experiment. Jones was himself alarmed by how far his students took the movement to heart and how they orchestrated a group of guardians and SS style spies to worm out the traitors to the movement. They began to panic. Just smiling and saluting other class members. I said chocolate chip of course. I talked about pride. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. I was in pretty bad shape myself. "Is it a code or something?" Yes, we know in a small way what it feels like to find a hero. For a week in the middle of a school year we had shared fully in life. While the class sat at attention I gave each person a card. Oral history of Ernest DeMaio, from his early radicalizing experience of the First, The autobiography of Fred W. Thompson - socialist, Wobbly, organizer, soapboxer, editor, class-war prisoner, educator, historian, and publisher, A collection of essays written by Dwight Macdonald, most of which appeared in his. In the study, an . I felt very alone and a little scared. This kind of lie has been criticised for being inherently unethical but is, in fact, the only way in which experimenters can ensure that their subjects are acting in an authentic way. I have participated in similar experiments and also discovered the innate being inside is so easily manipulated due to a childlike want for approval and purpose being just the way they are. He gave them lessons in how to sit correctly, which they also obeyed with little persuasion after being told that sitting properly allowed more oxygen into the lungs, helping them to think more clearly and thus improve their grades. By strange coincidence I think it was Steve who started the Third Ways with a question. He followed me every- where. Evidently, experimentation in the social sciences is different. The only light in the room was coming from the television and it played against the faces in the room. The prompt was given in the imperative, but it highlighted that the imperative was literally lacking. The Third Wave was disrupting normal learning. Let me show you your future. Then smiled, and slowly raised a hand in a cupped position. When the bell sounded ending the period I asked the class for complete silence. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. That you could extricate yourself at any moment. We know the fear of being left out. Talk about tone deaf. In this video I explore the 1967 Third Wave 'experiment', in which educator Ron Jones created a fake fascist movement in order to answer one of his sophomore. I had a bodyguard. To be number one. I want you to remember and be able to recite by tomorrow the name and address of every Third Wave Member. Robert was big for his age and displayed very few academic skills. He will explain all the things that he was able to manipulate the kids into doing which seems like would've taken weeks or months and claim it only took one day. We practiced this new attention position over and over. You are a selected group of young people chosen to help in this cause. Every fibre strained to perform the deed. They aren't bright, they can't make the athletic teams, and don't strike out for attention. Jones was a teacher who usually granted his students a lot of leeway. [2], The experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating. He would talk to the parents and calm their concern. For years I kept a strange secret. Everyone was capable and equal. If I stopped the experiment a great number of students would be left hanging. I decided to push the tolerance of the class for regimented action. And there is something else. Now the students do their homework to be able to answer Ben Ross questions. Hold them tight. The machine came to life producing a luminous field of phosphorus light. I called it the Third Wave salute because the hand resembled a wave about to top over. Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly. For a brief moment it all rushed back. Something in all of us. No sign of a smile or a thought or even a question. He always ate lunch alone. Oh, you make promises to call each other but It won't happen. The factors that motivated the students then were: fear of losing marks; confidence and pride in their tutor; and a desire to be part of an exciting new movement that would change their world. In slow methodic tone I explained what was behind the Third Wave. Once again I faced the thoughts of closing the experiment or letting it go its own course. 1981 Norman Lear ABC-TV Movie "The Wave". Turned our head as friends and neighbors were cursed and then persecuted. 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